The withdrawal of the China Inland Mission from China, and the redeployment to new fields in East Asia / David Anthony Huntley. [print]

Table of Contents Introduction-Scope, Questions and Rationale of this Study Background: The Redeployment of the China Inland Mission Problem and Purpose of the Study: Lack in Existing Literature Research Problem Questions to be Answered Main Questions Subsidiary Questions Review of Literature: External Sources The CIM's Own Sources The Millions, CIM-OMF Magazine The CIM-OMF's own Archives: London Council Minutes China Council Minutes CIM-OMF Archives-Singapore Minutes of the Overseas Council (former China Council) ; Weekly HQ Staff Meetings in Shanghai, Hong Kong and Singapore Correspondence with Missionaries and Directors etc in the Last Years in China Country Surveys, Recommendations for-or against-work in each CIM News-Fornightly Duplicated Letter Overseas Bulletin in the OMF's In-house Quarterly Magazine Writer's Conversations with Individuals Abbreviations, Terminologn5050y, Nomenclature and Personalia.

Thesis (Ph.D) - Trinity Theological Seminary and University of Liverpool, 2002.

Section I. Outline

Section II. The Background Situation in China

China-Understanding the Background Setting The Background Before the CIM's Withdrawal Where did the CIM fit among other societies? ; China Inland Mission-Understanding the Background Setting The CIM: in what respects was it sui generis? ; Founding in 1865 Inland China; the Spiritual and Humanitarian Missionary Mandates Understanding the CIM's Faith Principles Home Centres What was meant by director rule? ; What is meant by interdenominational but not undenominational? ; Eccumenical Relationships-Apparent Contradiction? ; Two Streams Earlier Harmony An Example An Affirmation The CIM-OMF Philosophy of Church Structures in Asia-Was this a CIM denomination? ; Identification with Chinese-Unique or Not? ; What were the CIM's recruitment qualifications for missionary service? ; Development after WWII East Asia What was the CIM's theological position? ; The CIM and Missiology Summing Up Understanding the In-House Ethos What was unique about the CIM-OMF's in-house ethos? ; Outsourcing Marriage Ambivalence on In-house ethnic/racial principles The In-house Ethos: A Family with Loyalty to the Leader The Ethos of Trust The In-house Ethos and all-CIM Management Edcuation of Missionaries' Children: Chefoo School in China Summing Up CIM-How did thinking develop as Communism emerged? ; Deja-Vu? ; Nationalists and Comunists, Attitudes of the Nationalist politicians Understanding the Initial Attractiveness of Communism China and the Exodus from China Attitudes of Communists to Individual Missionaries Diminishing Hopes of "Sitting It Out" under Communism The Initial Attitude of the CIm Summing Up.

Section III. China to East Asia

CIM-The Unexpected Expulsion Why were the CIM, alone among missions, so confident that they would be able to stay in China? ; Bishiop Houghton's confidence in the Nationalist government The Communists start to make their stance clear Further Optimism Communication between CIM leaders becomes constricted No more new missionaries to sail for China; first definite thinking about service in South East Asia The Withdrawal becomes inevitable Headquarters managing without the General Director China operations close down Turning from China to East Asia-Positive and Negative Feelings Explaining the withdrawal to Western supporters Did the Chinese feel that the CIM had failed or betrayed them? ; Summing Up Understanding hte Kalorama and Hong Kong Conferences Taking-in the radical change The Kalorama Conference, Melbourne, February 1951 Attitudes of the Communists Redeployment gains acceptance Education of missionaries' children-future possibilities Associate Missions Headquarters relocated Survey teams for East Asia A short-term retrospect-and the trauma A new name? ; Hon gKog-the China Council May 1951 Back in London Asian Missionary Societies Summing Up Bournemouth Conference Novemeber-December 1951 Surveys for redeployment Joint endeavours with other organisations? ; Medical Ministry Bishipo Frank Houghton's resignation-becomes Consulting Director Director Rule again In retrospect: management ideas Summing Up The Withdrawal-a Once-Only change? ; Would the CIM's withdrawal ever reverse itself? Would the CIM ever re-enter the mainland? ; Redeployment in Asia-would this be unevangelised China all over again? ; Modernising the In-house Ethos Summing Up Postscript OMF-Realising Post-China Changes Changes: Same mission, new patterns The CIM-OMF as learners: learning about South East Asia Starting in rural areas without a town base CIM-OMF workers serving alone The General Director-functions, responsibilities and deputies Missionary children's schooling in the New Fields Summing Up.

Section IV. The CIM's Thinking in a New Light

OMF-Retrospect on Communism Negative views Neutral views Cautiously positive assessments Missionaries of two schools: (i) God is at work and (ii) the Lord will over-rule What kind of "liberation?" ; Homeside public statements about China Summing Up OMF-New Fields-Indigenous Principles What is meant by the missiological term "indigenous?" ; Roland Allen; "foreign-ness" ; Possible church types to be planted and their potential "indigeneity" ; What is an indigenous church? ; How does a church become indigenous? ; The CIM in the New Fields: church structures What were the three patterns of indigenisation under OMF? ; As part of a denomination Linked with a denomination Independently existing of any denomination Summing Up and Latourette's cautious warning The Redeployment of the CIM's Anglican Mission Understanding the Remarkable precedent: Anglican bishops in an interdenominational mission Bishops Cassels Bishop Houghton How did the CIM gain acceptance as an Anglican mission? ; "Moving" the Anglican Field from China to Malaya-unforseen differences The OMF and Bishop Baines-Bishop of Singapore The American post-China view Was Perak like China or quite different? ; Why did not he OMF Anglican field dialogue with the Docese to resolve their dilemma? ; An interesting restrospect on the OMF's entry to Malaya The loss among ordained leadership Was OMF service an unsatisfying ministry for a well-trained minister? ; What might have been in retrospect Summing Up.

Section V. Understanding hte Move Into Asia: OMF-New Fields

China By 1951 clearly China was closed Broadcasting OMF's China Programme, now China Ministries A return to China? ; Summing Up Hong Kong The emergency transit centre A strong Chinese church Chinese literature: Christian Witness Press OMF Hong Kong: back to church life Summing Up Hong Kong oas a sending Church Singapore New Fields: Singapore The move Why was the post-China HQ moved to Singapore? ; The Headquarters OMF ministry in Singapore-seminary teaching Limited Ministry of OMF in Churches-why did policy change toward local church ministry? ; The Malays of Singapore-was this a window of opportunity for Malays elsewhere? ; Understanding Singaporean langauges; the emergence of English as a Singaporean language Doubts about English language medium schooling What is the response of Singapore churches tot he worldwide Great Commission? ; Summing Up Postscript re understanding Singapore-Malay languages Malaya The OMF discovers Malaya Understanding why the New Villages were an open door for missionaries The positive welcome from the Government The Malays Life in Malaya-both like and unlike China Initial Survey by CIM missionaries Initial church contacts in Malaya OMF South Malayan Field; Johore up to and excluding Slim River, Perak The "Missions Stations" become Churches An assessment of the South Malaya strategy-later integration with existing churches OMF North Malayan Field-North: Perak State and Northwards North Malaya: the Special Case for paid Nationals An assessment of the early strategy-North: integration with the Diocese Summing Up Taiwan: Minimal publicity; part of China; welcome from existing churches Taiwan: a real part of China-- Mainland Perceptions of OMF service in Taiwan Positive results from the survey Taiwan: two Chinese tongues Summing Up Indonesia What did the initial surveys find? ; The visa problem A welcome by the Chinese Chinese in Kalimantan A Welcome from the Council of Churches; Literature, visa problem solved Ministry among Muslims Summing Up Japan To the North, Hokkaido island Language Summing Up Thailand General Coping with a totally new culture Initial visits and contacts Other inter-mission factors Proposed Evangelical Fellowship of Thailand Lookinng at the northern Hills Central Thailand (i) medical Central Thailand (ii) churchplanting South Thailand Summing Up Philippines Initial Contacts with Filipino Chinese Broadcasting Manila-the capital Problems of legal status The Surveys are completed OMF plans to enter Tribal ministry Possible medical ministries To the Filipino lowlands Summing Up XMHD and FEBC; How did CIM & OMF relate to Christian broadcasting? ; Radio XMHD Shanghai: early beginnings in Shanghai FEBC Radio International, transmissions into China etc. ; Norman Blake and other OMFers ; "Portable Missionaries" ; Summing Up Overflow Fields-to which the OMF did not immediately go Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) ; India Indo-China Burma Korea North Borneo: Sarawak, Brunei, British North Borneo (Sabah) ; More distant regions Summing Up.

Section Virgin Islands Summing Up

Summing Up Established precedent, stability, and radical change Adapting to change and uncertainty Two major patterns of ministry emerged Work under existing churches and organisations Work in totally unchurched areas independently-as in China The Homesides Completing the story.

Section Virgin IslandsI. Appendices

Timeline Bibliography Graph of CIM-OMF membership numbers Index Vita.

COPYRIGHT NOT covered - Click this link to request copyright permission: