The genre of communal lament in the Bible and the ancient Near East / Paul Wayne Ferris, Jr. [print]

I. Introduction Current state of lament study Recent developments Gunkel and form-critical studies Genre categorization Sitz im Leben Thought and mood content Influence of form-critical studies Sigmund Mowinckel Claus Westermann Problem of generic classification Question of priority Question of methodology Purpose Working definitions Genre Communal lament Individual lament Funeral dirge Descriptive terms Delimitations Literary data Format Purpose Laments to be studied II. Basic forms of communal lament Introduction Terms for lament Balag Er Brief description of Lamentations available in translation Stephen Langdon Samuel N. Kramer Joachim Krecher Raphael Kutscher Mark Cohen Margaret Green Early Sumerian laments ; "The lamentation over the destruction of Ur" ; "The lamentation over the destruction of Sumer and Ur" ; "Lamentation over the destruction of Eridu" ; Other classic city laments Summary Later Sumerian laments Akkadian laments Language of the laments Structure of the Sumero-Akkadian lament Classical city laments Structure of the Ur lament Structural model of the city-lament Detailed complaint Lament proper Intercession of a patron deity Appeal Balags Structure of balag ; "The steer in his fold" ; Introduction Complaint Structure of balag ; "Elevated warrior of the land" ; Structural model of balag Type-B Praise Accusatory complaint Appeal Lament proper Summary Ersemmas Structure of an Old Babylonian ersemma Structural model of Old Babylonian ersemma Structure of a first millennium ersemma Model of first millennium ersemmas Complaint Lament Praise Appeal Summary Sitz im Leben Introduction Related literature Classic city laments Balags Ersemmas Development of the Sumero-Akkadian lament Thematic elements of the communal lament Methodology The anger of the gods The decision of deity to act The actions of deity The identity and actions of the political enemy Remonstration Protestation of innocence Appeal Praise Summary.

III. The lament phenomenon in the Ancient Near East as it related to the Hebrew communal laments Introduction Individual lament Suilla Invocation and eulogy Complaint Entreaty Praise Ersahunga Introduction Lamentation Hebrew individual laments Funeral dirge Elegy for a god FUneral dirge Prologue Lamentation Curses Prayers Funeral ceremony Mourners guild Formal weeping and lament Sitz im Leben Musical instrumentation IV. Basic forms of communal lament Introduction The structure of the communal lament in the Psalter Invocation Hymn of praise Expression of confidence and trust Lament Appeal and motivation for response Appeal for deliverance Appeal for cursing Motivation for response Protestation of innocence Expression of confidence and hope Vow of praise The structure of the communal lament in Lamentations Sitz im Leben Historical setting Temple singers Liturgical terms in the psalms National mourning rites Occasion of the service Description of the service Summary Thematic elements of the communal lament Psalms Direct address Complaint or lament proper Political enemy Moral, ethical and spiritual enemy Political calamity Spiritual calamity Scope of complaint Appeal Appeal for deliverance from calamity Appeal for cursing the cause of the calamity Motivation Expression of confidence/hope Thanksgiving and praise Summary Thematic elements in the Book of Lamentations Direct address Complaint or lament proper Enemies Calamity Divine adversary Scope of complaint Appeal Appeal for deliverance from the calamity Motivation Expression of confidence and hope Thanksgiving and praise Summary Analysis of the thematic elements in the Hebrew laments Speaking voice Direct address Complaint or lament proper Enemy Calamity Abandonment/isolation Expression of confidence/hope Thanksgiving and praise Summary V. Comparisons and contrasts between the Sumero-Akkadian and th Hebrew communal laments Introduction Theoretical origins of the communal laments Individual lament Funeral dirges Community crises Fall of the city-state Types of Hebrew communal laments Types of communal lament Demise of city-states Other community crises Lament for a prospective crisis Lament for present crisis Lament for crisis in retrospect Structure Persona The question of influence between The question of influence among The question of influence among the Hebrew laments The question of influence between Conclusion.

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