Interpreting Judean pillar figurines : gender and empire in Judean apotropaic ritual / Erin Darby. [electronic resource]

Includes bibliographies and index.

Cover; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; List of Tables; List of Figures; Chapter One: Introduction and Methodology; 1. Brief Description of Judean Pillar Figurines; 2. Apotropaic Ritual; a. The History of a Category; born Pros and Cons; 3. Analyzing Ritual; 4. Archaeology and Figurines; a. Disposal Contexts; born Typical and Prototypical Contexts; c. Ethnoarchaeology and Figurines; 5. Archaeological Method; a. Regional Study of Jerusalem; born Interpreting Disposal Patterns; c. Fragments and Figurines; d. Text and Archaeology; 6. Project Summary; Chapter Two: Interpretive Trends.

1. JPFs as Goddessesa. Astarte; born Asherah; c. Goddesses versus Magic; d. Humans versus Goddesses; 2. JPFs as Popular Religion; a. Definitions of Popular Religion; born Figurines in Popular Religion; c. Figurines as Cheap Clay Objects; d. Figurines and the State; 3. JPFs as Female Religion ; 4. Conclusions; Chapter Three: Neo-Assyrian Figurine Rituals and Archaeological Interpretation; 1. Methodological Considerations; 2. Previous Scholarly Treatments; 3. Overview of Texts in Anatolia and Egypt; 4. Historical Validity of the Neo-Assyrian Texts; a. Authorship and Temporal Proximity.

B. Purpose, Intended Audience, and Authorial Competencec. Prevailing Ideology; 5. Neo-Assyrian Texts Describing Figurine Rituals; 6. Maqlû, Hand of Ghost, and Šep Lemutti Rituals; a. Anti-witchcraft Series: Maqlû; i. Cause of Evil; ii. Ritual Agents; iii. Deities and Resources; iv. Figurine Make and Design; volume Placement; born Magico-medical Texts Dealing with Ghosts and Demons; i. Cause of Evil; ii. Ritual Agents; iii. Deities and Resources; iv. Figurine Make and Design; volume Placement; c. Protective Spirits; i. Cause of Evil; ii. Ritual Agents; iii. Deities and Resources.

Iv. Figurine Make and Designv. Placement; d. Summary and Challenges to Figurine Interpretation; 7. Conclusions; Chapter Four: Kenyon's Jerusalem; 1. Challenges in Using the Kenyon Data; 2. Cave I; a. Cave I in Context; i. Cave II and the Northern Building; ii. Southern Building; born Stratigraphy of Cave I; c. Objects Associated with Cave I ; d. Conclusions; 3. Extramural City Street; a. The Data; born Interpreting the Extramural Street Deposit; i. Cave I Revisited; ii. The Street Assemblage Once Again; 4. Area A: Buildings 1-7 and Squares XII and XIII; 5. Summary and Conclusions.

Chapter Five: Shiloh's Jerusalem1. Challenges in the Shiloh Data; 2. Overview of Areas D1, D2, and G; a. Area D1; born Area D2; c. Area G; i. Pre-Stratum 12 Figurines; ii. The House of Ahiel, Burnt Room, and House of the Bullae; iii. Stratum 10 Figurines Without Complete Locus Data; iv. Interpretation of Area G Figurines; 3. Area E; a. Area E East; born Area E West; i. Stratum 14; ii. Stratum 13; iii. Stratum 12; iv. Stratum 10; c. Area E South; i. Terrace House; ii. Drainage Channel 618; iii. Building 1380; iv. Alley 1325; volume Building 1492: the House of the Monoliths; vi. Miscellaneous Loci.

Judean pillar figurines are one of the most common ritual objects from Iron II Israel. These small terracotta females have received a great deal of scholarly attention, appearing in discussions about Israelite religion, monotheism, and women's practice. Yet the figurines are still poorly understood. Modern interpreters connect the figurines with goddesses, popular religion, and females but often base their arguments on the presumed significance of the figurines' breasts and the Hebrew Bible. In contrast, archaeological context is frequently overshadowed or oversimplified. In an attempt to addr.

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