Philosophy in the twentieth century / A.J. Ayer. [print]

Includes bibliographies and index.

I. Philosophical Inheritance -- II. The revolt from Hegel. Bertrand Russell : His approach to philosophy ; The theory of descriptions and the theory of types ; His theories of knowledge and of what there is -- G.E. Moore : Principia ethica ; Moore and Prichard ; The refutation of idealism ; The defence of common sense -- III. Pragmatism. William James : The character of James's pragmatism ; Radical empiricism ; James's theory of truth -- C.I. Lewis : His theories of knowledge and meaning ; His moral philosophy -- IV. Wittgenstein, Popper and the Vienna Circle. The Tractatus and its sequels -- Moritz Schlick, Otto Neurath and Rudolf Carnap -- Karl Popper on induction -- The concentration on syntax -- Tarski's theory of truth -- The fate of the Circle -- V. Wittgenstein, Carnap and Ryle. The later Wittgenstein -- Carnap and semantics -- Gilbert Ryle and the concept of mind -- VI. Physicalism. Broad on mind and matter -- Strawson's concept of a person -- Armstrong's materialism -- Davidson's argument -- Summary -- VII. The philosophy of R.G. Collingwood. The influence of Croce -- The theory of absolute presuppositions -- Causality and the idea of nature -- The idea of history -- VIII. Phenomenology and existentialism. The foundation in Prentano and Husserl -- Maurice Merleau-Ponty : His account of perception ; On the world as perceived -- The early work of Heidegger and Sartre -- IX. Later developments. Linguistic philosophy : J.L. Austin ; Noam Chomsky -- W.V. Quine -- Nelson Goodman -- Michael Drummett -- Essentialism.

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