The architecture of learning : designing instruction for the learning brain / Kevin D. Washburn. [print]

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The foundation. Defining teacher and designing instruction 1. Building blocks. Understanding how students learn Learning's building blocks: Experience ; Comprehension ; Elaboration ; Application and Intention 2. Power tools. Learning's four core processes: Experience: transforming raw data into reference points ; Comprehension: transforming data into knowledge ; Elaboration: transforming knowledge into understanding ; Application: transforming knowledge into utility ; Emotion: the propeller that drives learning 3. Subject matter types 1. Designing skill instruction: Discerning the difference: skills ; Blueprint structure ; Designing skill instruction: an example ; Blueprint "rhythm" and flow 4. Subject matter types 2. Designing content instruction: Discerning the difference: content ; The content blueprint ; Blueprint "rhythm" and flow 5. Subject matter types 3. Designing combination instruction: Discerning the difference: combination ; Blueprint "rhythm" and flow ; Blueprints and curriculum 6. Creating coherence. Aligning learning, teaching and assessment: Assessment for learning: instructive feedback ; Based on learning, revealed by teaching ; Critical intersection EX-ex: the reference point ; Critical intersection CO-co: the knowledge component ; Critical intersection EL-el: the understanding component ; Critical intersections AP-ap and IN-ap: the utilization and integration components ; Assessment of learning: summative assessment ; Assessment for and of learning: rubrics and instructive feedback 7. Minding the interior. Engaging thought to construct understanding: Thinking to learn: learning to think ; Critical thinking and education ; Critical thinking's building blocks ; Implications for learning ; Level 1: guiding critical thinking with questions ; Level 2: designing direct critical thinking instruction ; Level 3: critical thinking through the strands ; Level 4: critical thinking as the INtention strand 8. Expanding the view. Using creativity to complement learning: "Music o'er a frozen moat" ; Creativity's mysterious middle stage ; Creativity's connection to learning ; Education and creativity ; Creative learning ; Creative teaching 9. Assessing the structure. Evaluating and revising instruction: Revision tools ; Accepting responsibility What about technology?

The brain constructs new learning, sorting and labeling new data, comparing it with prior experience, and using resulting understandings to interact with the environment. Written for teachers, educational leaders, and instructional designers, this guide presents tools for developing teaching that engages the student thinking needed to construct learning. With applied research from neuroscience and cognitive psychology, The Architecture of Learning introduces a series of blueprints that strategically direct a teacher s thinking and planning. The resulting instruction capitalizes on the brain s penchant for patterns and moves students from recognizing a reference point for constructing new understanding to using new learning to think about and act on the real world. The Architecture of Learning addresses: Understanding how students learn, building blocks of learning, subject matter types and focus processes of learning, aligning learning, teaching, and assessment, critical and creative thinking in teaching and learning, and evaluating and revising instruction.