000			04245cam a2200481Ki 4500
001			ocn835374469
003			OCoLC
005			20240726105411.0
008			130403s2012 maua ob 001 0 eng d
040			_aYDXCP _beng _epn _erda _cYDXCP _dU3G _dOCLCO _dEMU _dE7B _dNT _dJSTOR _dOCLCF _dOCLCQ _dOCLCO _dOCL _dOCLCQ _dEBLCP _dDEBSZ _dOCLCQ _dAZK _dLOA _dAGLDB _dOCLCQ _dMOR _dPIFAG _dMERUC _dOCLCQ _dZCU _dIOG _dDEGRU _dDEBBG
020			_a9780674065390 _q((electronic)l(electronic)ctronic)
043			_aa-cc---
050	0	4	_aHC427 _b.C375 2012
049			_aMAIN
100	1		_aNee, Victor, _d1945- _e1
245	1	0	_aCapitalism from below : _bmarkets and institutional change in China / _cVictor Nee, Sonja Opper.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. : _bHarvard University Press, _c(c)2012.
300			_a1 online resource (xv, 431 pages) : _billustrations
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_adata file _2rda
504			_a2
505	0	0	_aWhere do economic institutions come from? -- _tMarkets and endogenous institutional change -- _tThe epicenter of bottom-up capitalism -- _tEntrepreneurs and institutional innovation -- _tLegitimacy and organizational change -- _tIndustrial clusters and competitive advantage -- _tThe development of labor markets -- _tInstitutions of innovation -- _tPolitical economy of capitalism.
520	0		_aMore than 630 million Chinese have escaped poverty since the 1980s, reducing the fraction remaining from 82 to 10 percent of the population. This astonishing decline in poverty, the largest in history, coincided with the rapid growth of a private enterprise economy. Yet private enterprise in China emerged in spite of impediments set up by the Chinese government. How did private enterprise overcome these initial obstacles, to become the engine of China's economic miracle? Where did capitalism come from?Studying over 700 manufacturing firms in the Yangzi region, Victor Nee and Sonja Opper argue that China's private enterprise economy bubbled up from below. Through trial and error, entrepreneurs devised institutional innovations that enabled them to decouple from the established economic order to start up and grow small, private manufacturing firms. Barriers to entry motivated them to build their own networks of suppliers and distributors, and to develop competitive advantage in self-organized industrial clusters. Close-knit groups of like-minded people participated in the emergence of private enterprise by offering financing and establishing reliable business norms. This rapidly growing private enterprise economy diffused throughout the coastal regions of China and, passing through a series of tipping points, eroded the market share of state-owned firms. Only after this fledgling economy emerged as a dynamic engine of economic growth, wealth creation, and manufacturing jobs did the political elite legitimize it as a way to jump-start China's market society. Today, this private enterprise economy is one of the greatest success stories in the history of capitalism.
520	0		_aOver 630 million Chinese escaped poverty since the 1980s, the largest decrease in poverty in history. Studying 700 manufacturing firms in the Yangzi region, the authors argue that the engine of China's economic miracle--private enterprise--did not originate at the top but bubbled up from below, overcoming initial obstacles set up by the government.
530			_a2 _ub
650		0	_aIndustrial policy _zChina.
650		0	_aEntrepreneurship _zChina.
650		0	_aCapitalism _zChina.
650		4	_aBusiness Management.
650		4	_aCapitalism _zChina.
650		4	_aEntrepreneurship _zChina.
650		4	_aIndustrial policy _zChina.
650		4	_aPolitical Economics, other.
650		4	_aSocial Sciences.
655		1	_aElectronic Books.
700	1		_aOpper, Sonja.
856	4	0	_uhttps://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=597449&site=eds-live&custid=s3260518 _zClick to access digital title | log in using your CIU ID number and my.ciu.edu password
942			_cOB _D _eEB _hHC. _m2012 _QOL _R _x _8NFIC _2LOC
994			_a92 _bNT
999			_c99132 _d99132
902			_a1 _bCynthia Snell _c1 _dCynthia Snell