000			03898cam a2200433Ii 4500
001			ocn828869730
003			OCoLC
005			20240726105333.0
008			130304s2013 mau ob 001 0 eng d
040			_aNT _beng _epn _erda _cNT _dCUS _dYDXCP _dEMU _dE7B _dJSTOR _dOCLCF _dOCLCO _dEBLCP _dOCLCQ _dDEBSZ _dUIU _dOCL _dOCLCQ _dAZK _dLOA _dAGLDB _dMOR _dPIFPO _dMERUC _dOCLCQ _dSAV _dOCLCQ _dJBG _dZCU _dIOG _dDEGRU _dDEBBG
020			_a9780674075672 _q((electronic)l(electronic)ctronic)
043			_an-us---
050	0	4	_aLB3051 _b.T478 2013
049			_aMAIN
100	1		_aReese, William J., _d1951- _e1
245	1	0	_aTesting wars in the public schools : _ba forgotten history / _cWilliam J. Reese.
260			_aCambridge, Mass. : _bHarvard University Press, _c(c)2013.
300			_a1 online resource (298 pages)
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_acomputer _bc _2rdamedia
338			_aonline resource _bcr _2rdacarrier
347			_adata file _2rda
504			_a2
505	0	0	_aFestivals of learning -- _tA putting-down sin -- _tScrewing machines -- _tA pile of thunder-bolts -- _tThanatopsis and square roots -- _tChewing pencil tops -- _tThe culture of testing.
520	0		_aDespite claims that written exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children's health, and turned teachers into automatons, once tests took root in American schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. William Reese puts today's battles over standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the history of the pencil-and-paper exam.
520	0		_aWritten tests to evaluate students were a radical and controversial innovation when American educators began adopting them in the 1800s. Testing quickly became a key factor in the political battles during this period that gave birth to America's modern public school system. William J. Reese offers a richly detailed history of an educational revolution that has so far been only partially told. Single-classroom schools were the norm throughout the United States at the turn of the nineteenth century. Pupils demonstrated their knowledge by rote recitation of lessons and were often assessed according to criteria of behavior and discipline having little to do with academics. Convinced of the inadequacy of this system, the reformer Horace Mann and allies on the Boston School Committee crafted America's first written exam and administered it as a surprise in local schools in 1845. The embarrassingly poor results became front-page news and led to the first serious consideration of tests as a useful pedagogic tool and objective measure of student achievement. A generation after Mann's experiment, testing had become widespread. Despite critics' ongoing claims that exams narrowed the curriculum, ruined children's health, and turned teachers into automatons, once tests took root in American schools their legitimacy was never seriously challenged. Testing Wars in the Public Schools puts contemporary battles over scholastic standards and benchmarks into perspective by showcasing the historic successes and limitations of the pencil-and-paper exam.
530			_a2 _ub
650		0	_aEducational tests and measurements _zUnited States _xHistory _y19th century.
650		0	_aPublic schools _zUnited States _xHistory _y19th century.
650		4	_aEducation, other.
650		4	_aEducational tests and measurements _zUnited States _vHistory _y19th century.
650		4	_aPublic schools _zUnited States _vHistory _y19th century.
650		4	_aSocial Sciences.
655		1	_aElectronic Books.
856	4	0	_uhttps://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=520769&site=eds-live&custid=s3260518 _zClick to access digital title | log in using your CIU ID number and my.ciu.edu password
942			_cOB _D _eEB _hLB _m(c)2013 _QOL _R _x _8NFIC _2LOC
994			_a92 _bNT
999			_c96983 _d96983
902			_a1 _bCynthia Snell _c1 _dCynthia Snell