A History of the ecumenical movement, 1517-1948 / edited by Ruth Rouse and Stephen Charles Neill. [print]

Bound with: The Ecumenical advance : a history of the ecumenical movement volume 2, 1948-1968

Volume 1

Introduction: Division and the search for unity prior to the reformation

1: The Ecumenical idea and efforts to realize it, 1517-1618 /John Thomas McNeill

2: Ecumenical activity on the continent of Europe in the seventeenth abd eighteenth centuries

3: Ecumenical movements in Great Britain in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries

4: The Orthodox churches and the ecumenical movement prior to 1910

5: Christian unity in nineteenth-century America

6: Approaches of the churches towards each other in the nineteenth century

7: Voluntary movements and the changing ecumenical climate

8: Ecumenical bearings of the missionary movement and the International Missionary Council

9: The world conference on faith and order

10: Plans of union and reunion, 1910-1948

11: Movements for international fellowship and life and work, 1910-1925 / Nils Karlstrom

12: Movements for international friendship and life and work, 1925-1948

13: Other aspects of the ecumenical movement, 1910-1948

14: The eastern churches and the ecumenical movement in the twentieth century

15: The Roman Catholic Church and the ecumenical movement, 1910-1948

16: The Genesis of the World Council of Churches

Volume 2: The Ecumenical Advance: A history of the ecumenical movement, 1948-1968

1 The community of Christians -- What was the Ekklesia -- The Ekklesia as a unity -- Tension and division within the church -- The spirit of the Antichrist

2 The church after Constantine -- The organized church state -- Heresies and Schisms -- Unification by conciliar action -- The persistence of divisions -- The division that was never healed

3 The great schism -- Tensions between East and West -- Attempts at the recovery of union

4 The West in the Middle Ages -- Orthodoxy and heresy -- The outward unity of the West -- The reality of the situation -- New and graver divisions.

1 The problem of disunity in the Reformation Era -- Nationalism and the Reformation -- The Left Wing of the Reformation

2 The ecumenical ideal in reformation doctrines of the church -- In Lutheran documents -- In Reformed documents -- Reformers and Councils -- Reformation Confessions of Faith and the church

3 Early Roman Catholic reactions to protestantism -- Erasmus and Christian unity -- Roman Catholics and Lutherans -- Fundamental articles and conciliation -- Fresh attempts and failures -- Ebb and flow in Sweden

4 Lutherism and the problem of unity -- Luther and Bihemians -- The Marburg Colloquy -- Bucer and irenical efforts -- The Wittenberg Concord -- Towards the formulas of Concord, 1580 -- The Reformers look East

5 Ecumenical outlook and the unitive effort in the Calvinist Reformation -- The Reformed and the Waldensians -- Ecumenical activities of John Calvin -- The consensus of Zurich -- Beza takes the lead

6 The ecumentical interests of early Anglicanism -- Henry Virgin IslandsII and Cranmer -- Cranmer's ideals if union -- Cranmer and the foreignProtestants -- Cranmer's later unitive efforts -- The Elisabethan and Christian unity -- Towards the seventeenth century

7 Religious discords and unitive efforts in Eastern Europe -- In Bohemia -- In Poland -- The consensus of Sendomir -- In Hungary

8 Fresh projects for conciliation and union -- The French synods and conciliation -- Junius and Pareus

9 Conclusion.

1 Introduction

2 Christian Humanism -- The fundamental articles -- Calixtus and the Consensus Quinquesaecularis -- Other areas of Christian humanism

3 The Mystical or "Spiritualist" Tradition -- The "spiritual church" -- Mystics and Quietists

4 Varieties of ecumenical approach -- Pietism -- The idea of missions to non-Christians -- Political viewpoints -- Irenic efforts of the Reformed -- The reformed theology of Saumur -- "Comenius, that incomparable Moravian -- Influences from the Thought of the Enlightenment

5 Attempts at unification on the basis of humanism -- Hugo Grotius -- Calixtus and his disciples -- John Dury, Ecumenical Ambassador

6 The ecumenical activity of German pietism and its offshoots -- Pietism and its forerunners -- Pietas Hallensis -- Zinzendorf at home and abroad -- Ecumenical efforts as the Separatists -- The Philadelphian Society

7 Ecumenism and "reasonable orthodoxy" -- The Swiss Triumvirate-ideas -- The Swiss Triumvirate-activities

8 Plans for union under Frederick I, king of Prussia, and Ernest Augustus, elector of Hanover -- Jablonski, Prussia, and England -- Leibniz, the universal philosopher -- Leibniz, the Ecumenical thinker -- Leibniz and church union -- The Swansong of unitive effort

9 Between the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries -- The German Christian Fellowship (Die Deutsche Christentumsgesellschaft)

10 Conclusion.

1 Introduction

2 From the accession of James I to the long parliament -- The religious situation in Britain -- The Millenary Petition -- The rise of independency -- The Hampton Court Conference -- The reintroduction of Episcopacy in Scotland -- The Synod of Dort -- The accession of Charles I-Episcopalian and Presbyterian controversy -- Laud, Andrewes, and the Continental Protestant churches -- Foreign Protestant ministers and the question of reordination -- The long Parliament and church reform -- Presbyterianism established in England -- The outcome of the Interregnum-the Toleration of Protestant Sects

3 Ecumenisn at home and abroad -- John Dury, Apostle of Protestant unity -- Anglican Chaplains and the churches of the near East -- Anglican exiles-relations with Rome and the reformed churches -- Relations between Canterbury and Rome -- Davenport on the thirty-nine articles

4 Restoration to revolution -- The restoration and Presbyterian comprehension -- The Savoy Conference -- The nonconformist exodus -- The reintroduction of Episcopacy in Scotland -- The Irenix efforts of Archbishop Leighton -- Attempts at comprehension in England -- The Irenic efforts of Richard Baxter -- The Irenic efforts of Archbishop Sancroft -- The Toleration Act and after -- Relations between Protestant dissenters -- Occasional communion

5 The eighteenth century and ecumenical effort -- Jablonski and Rapprochement between the Lutheran, Reformed, and Anglican churches -- The Ecumenical Principles of Archbishop Wake -- Relations of Archbishop Wake with the Gallicans -- Du Pin on the thirty-nine articles -- Relations of Archbishop Wake with foreign Protestants -- The S.P.C.K. and Ecumenical relationaships -- Relations of the non-jurors with the Orthodox churches -- Mid-century discussions between Protestant dissenters and Anglican Bishops -- The place of John Wesley in the Ecumenical movement

6 The reasons for failure to attain organic union -- Political and theological causes -- Ecclesiastical causes.

1 introduction

2 Bohemians and Byzantines

3 East and west relations from the Reformation until the nineteenth cenutry -- Tubingen, Augsburg and Constantinople -- Religious Liberty in Poland -- Pseudomorphosis -- Cyril Loukaris and his confession -- Other forms of Western influence -- An abortive consultation -- Port-Royal and Jerusalem -- Russia takes a hand -- Gallicans and Orthodox -- British non-jurors and the East

4 The early nineteenth century -- Utopian ideals of unity -- A theological recovery-Philaret, Moehler, and Khomiakov

5 Between the churches -- Anglicans and Orthodox -- The episode of William Palmer -- Various attempts at Rapprochement -- Anglicans, Old Catholics, and Orthodox

6 Towards the twentieth century -- Anglicans and Orthodox again -- The question of Anglican Ordinations -- Self-questioning of Orthodox theologians -- Soloviev and the vision of a united church -- The Orthodox and the Ecumenical problem.

Introductory note to the chapters on the ninetheenth century.

1 Divisive forces in American church life -- The heterogeneity of the American population -- transplanted nationalism -- The divisive influence of the frontier -- Theological controversy -- Sectional and racial schisms -- The principle of separation of church and state -- Relations of Protestants with Roman Catholics and Orthodox

2 The seventeenth- and eithteenth-century background -- New England Puritanism -- The Great Awakening -- Moravian Pietism -- American relations with European churches -- The American revolution

3 The challenge of the frontier -- The plan of union -- Voluntary societies of evangelism and reform

4 The unitive contribution of the disciples of Christ -- An analysis of "The Plea" -- Later Ecumenical activity of the disciples -- Parallels to the Disciples movement

5 The ecumenical impact of the American-German Churches -- A "Prussian union" for America -- The making of an ecumenical mind -- Schmucher's "Fraternal Appeal" -- The influence of the Mercersburg Movement

6 Episcopalian variations of the theme -- Vail's "Comprehensive Church" -- The Muhlenberg Memorial of 1853 -- Huntington's "Church of the Reconciliation" -- "A National Church"

7 The triumph of federal union -- The rechannelling of revivalism -- Federations, denominational and interdenominational -- The birth of the Federal Council -- Retrospect from 1910.

1 Introduction

2 World denominational fellowships -- The Lambeth Conference -- The Alliance of Reformed Churches throughout the world holding the Presbyterian System -- The Methodist Ecumenical Coloradonferences -- The union of old Catholic Churches -- The International Congregational Council -- The Baptist World Congress

3 Ecumenical ideals of various churches and parties -- Ecumenical ideals on the continent of Europe -- Ecumenical ideals of English Evangelicals -- of Broad churchmen -- of the Oxford Movement -- of English nonconformists -- in Scotland

4 Towards the union of the churches -- The Prussian Union, 1817 -- The Jerusalem Bishopric -- Unitive movements inthe Netherlands -- Lutheran and Reformed: in Hungary -- in Austria -- The Old Catholic Churches and Ecumenical relations -- The Unitas Fratrum and the Ecumenical cause -- The church of Sweden and the Anglican churches -- Bishop Gray and the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa -- Canterbury and Rome: the question of Anglican Orders -- the Malines Conversations -- Reunion against Methodist Churches: in Canada -- in other parts of the world -- Presbyterian reunion: in Scotland -- in Canada and elsewhere

5 Conclusion

Note on party terminology in the Church of England.

1 Introduction

2 The evangelical awakening: It's ecumenical results -- International Christian Intercourse and action -- The Missionary Awakening -- Social reform and Christian unity -- The cost of Ecumenical advance -- Ecumenical results in the first quarter of the century -- A period of intensified denominational strife

3 The evangelical alliance -- Its preparation -- Its foundation -- Its significance

4 Voluntary movements in the second half-century: Tensions and tendencies -- Survey of the first half-century -- Tensions between differing ideals of Christian unity -- Christian Youth Movements -- Missionary Movements -- Evangelistic effort -- Movements for social reform -- Movements for the deepening of spiritual life

5 The growth of the ecumenical idea in the churches -- On the continent -- In Britain -- Foreshadowings of the World Alliance for promoting international friendship through the churches -- The intercommunion issue

6 The emergence of new factors determining modern ecumenical development -- The Grindelwald Conferences and The Review of the Churches -- The Student Christian Movement -- John R. Mott -- The Ecumenical significance of the S. C. M.

7 The mainspring of ecumenical advance -- Movements of prayer for revival -- Movements of prayer for unity -- The Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom -- The Octave of Prayer for Unity.

1 Introduction

2 The World Missionary Conference, Edinburgh 1910 -- Composition -- Primarily consultative -- Important part played by younger churches -- Ecclesiastical comprehensiveness -- A training-ground for new leaders -- The impulse for the World Conference on Faith and Order -- A new sense of fellowship -- Prophetic of a new movement towards unity -- The Continuation Committee

3 From Edinburgh 1910 to Amsterdam 1948

4 The growth of co-operation in the international scene -- National Conferences -- The First World War: the Emergency Committee -- German Missions and their property

5 The International Missionary Council -- Its constitution -- Jerusalem 1928 -- Tambaram 1938 -- Missions and the Second World War -- Whitby 1947 -- Achievements of the council

6 Growing co-operation in the lands of the older churches -- National Missionary Conferences -- Other forms of Ecumenical co-operation

7 Growing co-operation in the lands of the younger churches: co-operation in China -- Co-operation in China, National Christian Council -- Other forms of Christian co-operation

8 Co-operation in the lands of other younger churches -- Japan -- Korea -- Indonesia -- South-East Asia -- India -- The Near East -- Tropical Africa -- South Africa -- Latin America -- The Philippines

9 The younger churches and ecumenism

10 Summary.

1 Towards Edinburgh 1910 -- The Edinburgh Conferences 1910-the Origin of Faith and Order -- The role of The Student Christian Movement -- S.P.G. particitation-the Ecumenical Movement enters a new phase -- Bishop Brent's vision of a united church

2 The beginnings of faith and order -- New movement stirring in the churches -- Deputation to the Anglican Churches in Great Britain and Ireland -- First joint conference of church commissions -- Principles of the World Conference laid down -- Approach to the Presbyterian and Free Churches of the British Isles -- Approach to churches in Europe and the Near East -- First approach to the Vatican -- The First World War and Faith and Order -- Post-war delegations to Europe and the Near East -- Visits to Orthodox and Eastern churches -- Official attitude of the Vatican -- Visits to the Protestant churches of Europe -- Difficulties of the German churches

3 Preparing for Lausanne 1927 -- The Geneva Preparatory Conference, 1920 -- Planning for Lausanne, 1927 -- Robert Hallowell Georgiardiner

4 The First World Conference -- Lausanne 1927 -- The Report on the Unity of Christendom -- Aim of the conference -- Misunderstandings and difficulties

5 Lausanne 1927 to Edinburgh 1937 -- Lausanne Continuation Committee -- Charles Henry Brent -- Youth called into the fellowship of Faith and Order -- Preparations for the Second World Conference

6 The Second World Conference, and after -- Edinburgh 1937 -- The Edinburgh advance over Lausanne -- Edinburgh and a World Council of Churches -- Affirmation of union in allegiance to our Lord Jesus Christ -- William Temple and others

7 The achievements of Faith and Order

1 Introduction

2 Corporate unions--intra-confessional -- Presbyterian Union in Scotland -- Making American Methodists one people

3 Corporate unions--trans-confessional -- The United Church of Canada -- The Church of Christ in China -- The Church of Christ in Japan -- The Protestant Churches in France

4 Trans-confessional fellowship -- The Evangelical Church in Germany

5 Intercommunion between Episcopal churches -- The old Catholic churches and Christion union -- The Church of England and the Church of Sweden

6 Union between Episcopal and non-Episcopal churches -- The church of South India

7 Plans for union still under consideration in 1948 -- Ceylon and Northern India -- Christian union and the law

8 Plans for closer fellowship without corporate union -- The Australian Proposals -- Anglicans and Free Churchmen in England

9 The Orthodox churches and other Episcopal churches

10 Church union - difficulties and encouragements

11 To what does it all lead?

Appendix: Table of plans of union and reunion, 1910-1952.

1 Introduction -- Christian social action -- Christian co-operation in the cause of peace

2 Christian efforts towards international understanding -- The development of the World Alliance -- The Federal Council and the European churches during the war -- The Scandinavian countries and the cause of friendship among the nations

3 The idea of an international Christian conference during the war -- Efforts to promote mutual understanding from the Spring of 1917 onwards -- The Neutral Church Conference at Uppsala -- Renewed attempts to convene an International Christian Conference

4 "A spiritual peace conference" -- The question of war guilt -- The supranationality of missions -- The League of Nations-religious minorities

5 The founding of life and work -- Geneva Conference -- The question of war guilt once more -- The scope of an International Christian Conference -- Relationships with the Orthodox churches

6 From Geneva 1920 to Stockholm 1925 -- Planning the Stockholm Conference -- The Roman Catholic church and life and work -- The Orthodox churches -- Faith and Order and life and work -- The C.O.P.E.C. Conference -- Towards Stockholm 1925.

1 Stockholm 1925 -- Nathan Soderblom and Stockholm 1925 -- The message of the conference -- Achievements of Stockholm 1925 -- World-wide echoes of the conference

2 The growth of life and work -- A movement takes shape -- Unfolding activities -- A time of heart-searching

3 International friendship through the churches -- Developments in the World Alliance -- Efforts at international reconciliation -- Later history of the World Alliance

4 Battlefields of Ecumenicity -- Period of religious and international turmoil -- "Communio in adorando et serviendo oecumenica" -- Towards the church in the churches -- The supranationality of the church

5 Ecumenical thought on society and the state -- Life and work-education and research -- Towards a second world conference

6 Oxford 1937 -- Changes since Stockholm 1925 -- Germans at Oxford 1937 -- The making of the reports -- The message of Oxford

7 Conclusions.

1 Introduction

2 The world Christian lay movements -- Ecumenical pioneering: in the Protestant world -- in the Orthodox world -- during the world wars -- Developments in the ecumenical position : of the student Christian movement -- of the Young Women's Christian Association -- of the Young Men's Christian Association -- The first World Conference of Christian Youth -- The lay movements and the World Council of Churches -- The World Council of Christion Education and Sunday School Association

3 World denominational fellowships -- The Alliance of World Churches throughout the world holding the Presbyterian system -- The International Congregational Council -- Old Catholic Union of Utrecht -- The World Methodist Council -- The Baptist World Alliance -- The Lutheran World Federation -- The World Convention of the Churches of Christ -- The Friends' World Committee for Consultation -- The Lambeth Conference of Anglican Bishops -- The International Association for Liberal Christianity and Religious Freedom -- Significance of world denominational fellowships -- United churches-a challenge of denominationalism

4 Movements of formal ecclesiastical co-operation -- The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America -- Local councils in the United States -- The National Council of Churches in the United States -- The Canadian Council of Churches -- The British Council of Churches -- The Australian Council of the World Council of Churches -- The National Council of Churches in New Zealand -- The Ecumenical Council of Churches in the Netherlands -- The Co-operative Fellowship of Christian Churches in Germany -- The Federation of Protestant Churches in Switzerland -- The Protestant Federation of France -- Other Councils of Churches

5 Movements of diffused ecumenicity -- Movements of comity -- The Community Church Movement

6 Ecumenical journalism and ecumenical thinking

7 Still other aspects of the ecumenical movement

8 Conclusion

Note on the bases of the World's Student Christian Federation and the World's Women's Christian Association.

1 The eastern churches in the first quarter of the twentieth century

2 The part played by eastern churches in work for reunion, 1910-1939 -- Friendly approaches by the West -- East and West in Egypt -- The West helps the East in India -- 1920 and new ecumenical beginnings -- Eastern Christian at Lausanne 1927 -- Orthodox theologians in conference -- Oxford 1937 -- Eastern Christians at Edinburgh 1937 -- Orthodox and Roman Catholics -- Orthodox and German Protestants -- The Orthodox Theology Institute in Paris -- Youth Movements and the Orthodox -- The Fellowship of S. Alban and S. Sergius -- Developments between the two world wars

3 The Eastern churches and the ecumenical movement during and after the second world war -- The Moscow Consultation of 1948 -- Continued Orthodox co-operation in Ecuemnical affairs

4 The scope and significance of eastern participation in the ecumenical movement -- Orthodox opposition to Ecumenism and its causes -- Orthodox support for Ecumenism and its causes -- Orthodox influence on the Ecumenical movement -- Ecumenical influences on Orthodoxy

5 Conclusion.

1 General principles

2 The Attitude of Rome towards the Eastern churches

3 Rome and the Ecumenical Movement -- The Edinburgh World Missionary Conference 1910 -- Roman Catholic Attitudes 1914-1927 -- From the Encyclical Mortalium Animos to the conferences of 1937 -- Oxford and Edinburgh 1937 and the proposed World Council of Churches -- The war years, 1939-45 -- Amsterdam 1948 -- Roman Catholic Ecuemnism.

1 The pre-war years, 1918-1939 -- The problem of co-ordination -- Compelling motives for a Unified Ecumenical Movement -- The last stage of preparation-Princeton and Westfield -- Oxford 1937 and Edinburgh 1937accept the World Council -- Consultation with the churches-the Utrecht Conference -- The first year of the Provisional Committee -- The last months before the war

2 The years of war, 1939-1945 -- How the council worked in war-time -- War-time opportunities for service -- Post-war reconstruction -- Death of William Temple and other leaders

3 The post-war years, 1945-1948 -- Renewal of contacts -- Post-war expansion -- A fresh approach to the Orthodox churches -- Relationships with the International Missionary Council and with the younger churches -- Preparing for the assembly

4 The First Assembly of the World Council of Churches -- Attendance at the Amsterdam Assembly -- The World Coloradouncil in being -- The assembly not an end but a beginning.

Introduction Henri D 'Espine, Chairman of the Committee on ecumenical history -- 1 The general ecumenical development since 1948 / W.A. Visser 'T Hooft -- 2 The life and activities of the World Council of Churches H. Kruger -- 3 Out of all continents and nations: a review of regional developments in the ecumenical movement Hans-Ruedi Weber -- 4 National Councils of Churches Frank Short -- 5 Confessional families and the ecumenical movement Harold E. Fey -- 6 Faith and Order 1948-1968 Meredith B. Handspicker -- 7 Mission to six continents Lesslie Newbigin -- 8 Joint service as an instrument of renewal Geoffrey Murray -- 9 The development of ecumenical social thought and action Paul Abrecht -- 10 Ecumenical action in international affairs O. Frederick Nolde -- 11 The Orthodox churches in the ecumenical movement 1948-1968 Vasil T. Istavridis -- 12 The ecumenical movement and the Roman Catholic Church Lukas Vischer -- 13 The ecumenical movement in the churches and at the parish level Han Jochen Margull -- 14 Signs of Radicalism in the ecumenical movement David L. Edwards -- 15 Uppsala and afterwards Eugene Carson Blake.

The two titles published in this volume represent the only "official" history of the ecumenical movement. The World Council of Churches was deeply involved in selecting the editors and writers of these volumes. The aim was to provide a systematic survey of the ecumenical history of the churches in the form of a sober and impartial account of the many ecumenical impulses, initiatives and activities during the centuries covered. Taking the Reformation as its starting point, the first volume covers four centuries of varied endeavours towards church unity in Europe and North America. In particular it deals with the Faith and Order, World Mission and Evangelism, and Life and Work movements in the twenthieth century, which led to the formation of the WCC in 1948. The second volume is mainly concerned with developments within the World Council of Churches, its programmes and activities from 1948 through the Fourth Assembly at Uppsala in 1968. It also includes chapters on Orthodox and Roman Catholic involvement in the ecumenical movement, on the origin and growth of national and regional councils of churches, and on the part played by confessional families. - Back cover.

COPYRIGHT NOT covered - Click this link to request copyright permission: