Hard times : an authoritative text, backgrounds, sources, and contemporary reactions, criticism / Charles Dickens ; edited by George Ford, Sylvere Monod. [print]

Introduction: The History of Solar-Generated Electricity John Perlin -- Solar Cells: What They Are and How They Work -- What Solar Cells Are -- Physical Characteristics -- Electrical Characteristics -- Cell Performance Ratings -- How Solar Cells Work -- The Nature of Sunlight -- Solid-State Physics -- Doping -- Junction Photovoltaic Cells -- Homojunctions -- Factors Which Influence Cell Efficiency -- Band Gap Width -- Recombination -- Reflectivity and Light Absorption -- Heterojunctions -- Schottky Barrier Junctions -- Advanced Semiconductor Devices -- How Solar Cells Are Made -- Silicon -- Metallurgical-Grade Silicon -- Semiconductor-Grade Silicon -- Growing Single Crystals -- Slicing the Crystal into Wafers -- Polishing and Etching the Wafer -- Forming the p-n Junction -- Applying the Fingers and Back Contact -- The Antireflection Coating -- Assembly into Modules -- New Production Techniques for Silicon -- Solar-Grade Silicon -- Polycrystalline Silicon -- Ribbon Growth Systems -- Amorphous Silicon -- Solar Cells and Modules -- Series and Parallel Strings -- Module Construction Techniques -- Encapsulation -- Module Failure Mechanisms -- Joints Between Cells -- Encapsulant Problems -- Shunt Diodes -- Concentrator Systems -- Two-Axis Tracking -- One-Axis Tracking -- Using Photovoltaics -- Current Cost of Solar Electricity -- Sizing the Array -- Calculating Load -- Sizing Methodology -- Installing Solar Cell Arrays -- Array Orientation -- Wiring the Array -- Combination Systems -- Inverters -- Rotary Inverters.

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