TY - BOOK AU - Marotti,Frank TI - Heaven's soldiers: free people of color and the Spanish legacy in antebellum Florida T2 - Atlantic crossings SN - 9780817386535 AV - F317 .H438 2013 PY - 2013/// CY - Tuscaloosa PB - University of Alabama Press KW - Free African Americans KW - Florida KW - Saint Johns County KW - History KW - 19th century KW - Legal status, laws, etc KW - Enslaved persons KW - Emancipation KW - Seminole War, 2nd, 1835-1842 KW - Electronic Books N1 - 2; Looking backward and forward --; The 1820s : anxious optimism --; The 1830s : manumission, property, and family --; The Second Seminole War --; Restricted manumission, migrations, and antimiscegenation --; Preserving Spanish days : marriage and manumission --; The Black martial heritage --; Land, paternalism, and laws; 2; b N2 - This book chronicles the history of a community of free people of African descent who lived and thrived, while resisting the constraints of legal bondage, in East Florida in the four decades leading up to the Civil War. Historians have long attributed the relatively flexible system of race relations in pre-Civil War East Florida to the area's Spanish heritage. While acknowledging the importance of that heritage, this book gives more than the usual emphasis to the role of African American agency in exploiting the limited opportunities that such a heritage permitted. Spanish rule presented institutions and customs that talented, ambitious, and fortunate individuals might, and did, exploit. Although racial prejudice was never absent, persons of color aspired to lives of dignity, security, and prosperity. This book's subjects are the free people of African descent in the broad sense of the term "free" - that is, not just those who were legally free, but all those who resisted the constraints of legal bondage and otherwise asserted varying degrees of control over themselves and their circumstances. Collectively, this population was indispensable to the evolution of the existing social order. In this book, the author studies four pillars of Black liberty that emerged during Spain's rule and continued through the United States' acquisition of Florida in 1821: family ties to the white community, manumission, military service, and land ownership. The slaveowning culture of the United States eroded a number of these pillars, though Black freedom and agency abided in ways unparalleled anywhere else in the pre-Civil War United States. Indeed, a strong Black martial tradition arguably helped to topple Florida's slave-holding regime, leading up to the start of the Civil War UR - https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=585088&site=eds-live&custid=s3260518 ER -