Environmental challenges in the Baltic Region : a perspective from economics /
Ranjula Bali Swain, editor.
- Cham, Switzerland : Palgrave Macmillan, (c)2017.
- 1 online resource.
Includes bibliographies and index.
Acknowledgements; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Environmental Challenges in the Baltic Region: An Introduction ; References; 2 Towards a Sustainable Food System in the Baltic Sea Region ; Introduction: Baltic Sea Agriculture; The Environmental Pressure from Agriculture; Socio-economic Aspects of a Sustainable Food System; Sustainable Agriculture; Defining a Sustainable Food System in the Baltic Sea Region; Aim and Research Questions: Aspects of Sustainable Food Systems; Methodology; Results What Environmental Effects Are Expected from a Large-Scale Change Towards Ecological Recycling Agriculture?What Governance Strategies Are Effective in Supporting Ecosystem Management and Sustainable Food Systems?; What Socio-Economic Effects Are Expected from a Transition Towards Ecological Recycling Agriculture?; Discussion; Costs and Benefits of Measures Targeting Production; On Regional Cooperation; Implications for Policy; A Policy Window for Sustainable Agriculture; Implications for New EU Members; Possible Policy Measures Towards a Sustainable Food System Concluding Remarks: A Sustainable Food System in the Baltic Sea RegionReferences; 3 Costs of Nutrient Management with Technological Development and Climate Change ; Introduction; A Simple Dynamic Model with Uncertainty; Properties of Cost-Effective Solutions; Application on the Baltic Sea; Data Retrieval; Results; Conclusions; References; 4 Optimal Strategies for Inland and Coastal Water Monitoring ; Introduction; A Model of Upstream and Downstream Monitoring Choices; Strategy I: Simultaneous Decision on up- and Downstream Monitoring Strategy II: Decide First on Monitoring of the Sources, then on Monitoring of Downstream Water QualityStrategy III: Decide First on Downstream Monitoring, then on the Monitoring of Emissions from Sources; Regulators Comparison of Alternative Monitoring Strategies; Numerical Simulations; Results; Critical Thresholds for Choice of Strategy; Conclusions and Discussion; Appendix: Development of the Expected Utility Function for a Linear Programming Model; References; 5 Public Policies Towards Marine Protection: Benchmarking Estonia to Finland and Sweden ; Introduction; Theoretical Background Cost-Effectiveness AnalysisCost-Benefit Analysis; Beyond Economic Analyses; Empirical Background; Measures by Descriptor; Classification of Measures; Cost-Effectiveness; Estonia; Finland; Sweden; Comparison; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Specification of Alternatives; Choice of Impact Categories, Predicting the Impacts and Monetization; Presentation of CBA Results; Comparison; International Collaboration; Conclusions and Recommendations; References; 6 Factors Affecting Choice of Travel Mode in Tallinn ; Introduction; Literature Review; Data and Methodology; Results; Conclusions; References
This book explores environmental challenges in the Baltic region from an economic perspective. Featuring contributions by regional experts from Nordic, Baltic and Eastern European countries it addresses the response to eutrophication caused by increased nutrients in the sea from agriculture, wastewater, industry and traffic. It then proposes cost-effective solutions to reach the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets set up through the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM). Contributions also explore the environmental impacts of rural landscape change during the post-communist period in the Baltic Sea region and review the ex-post evaluations of the costs and benefits generated by Baltic Sea nutrient abatement policies. Public policies towards marine protection, wind power establishment, and attitudes to paying for environmental protection, environmental resilience and the international cooperation in the Baltic region are also discussed.