Civic longing : the speculative origins of U.S. citizenship / Carrie Hyde.

Citizenship defines the U.S. political experiment, but the modern legal category that it now names is a relatively recent invention. There was no Constitutional definition of citizenship until the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, almost a century after the Declaration of Independence. Civic Longing looks at the fascinating prehistory of U.S. citizenship in the years between the Revolution and the Civil War, when the cultural and juridical meaning of citizenship--as much as its scope--was still up for grabs. Carrie Hyde recovers the numerous cultural forms through which the meaning of citizenship was provisionally made and remade in the early United States. Civic Longing offers the first historically grounded account of the formative political power of the imaginative traditions that shaped early debates about citizenship. In the absence of a centralized legal definition of citizenship, Hyde shows, politicians and writers regularly turned to a number of highly speculative traditions--political philosophy, Christian theology, natural law, fiction, and didactic literature--to authorize visions of what citizenship was or ought to be. These speculative traditions sustained an idealized image of citizenship by imagining it from its outer limits, from the point of view of its "negative civic exemplars"--expatriates, slaves, traitors, and alienated subjects. By recovering the strange, idiosyncratic meanings of citizenship in the early United States, Hyde provides a powerful critique of originalism, and challenges anachronistic assumptions that read the definition of citizenship backward from its consolidation in the mid-nineteenth century as jus soli or birthright citizenship.--

Includes bibliographies and index.

Part I. Reading "citizenship": Introduction: citizenship before the Fourteenth Amendment -- The retroactive invention of citizenship: a textual history -- Part II. The higher laws of citizenship: "Citizenship in heaven": biblical exegesis and the afterlife of politics -- Citizens of nature: oceanic revolutions and the geopolitics of personhood -- Part III. The lettered citizen: The elsewhere of citizenship: literary autonomy and the fabrication of allegiance -- Stateless fictions: negative instruction and the nationalization of citizenship -- Coda: Wong Kim Ark and "the man without a country".

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