Family background and university success. Differences in higher education access and outcomes in England /claire Crawford.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Why do fewer teenagers in England from disadvantaged backgrounds go to university than young people from better-off families? Once at university, how well do poorer students fare compared with other students - who drops out from university and who gets the best degrees? What really has been the impact on university entry of the controversial increases in tuition fees in 2006 and 2012, especially for students from poorer families? What should governments, universities, and schools do to reduce the gaps in university entry and success by family background? And what advice can be given to families and young people themselves deciding between the costs and benefits of university? This book answers these questions using the latest available evidence, drawing on a wealth of data from administrative records of the school and university system and sample surveys of young people and their families. The authors' analysis of the situation in England is set against a background of evidence for other countries. 0The book provides much needed dispassionate analysis of issues that are at the forefront of both public policy and popular debate on higher education around the world today.

Cover; Family Background and University Success: Differences in Higher Education Access and Outcomes in England; Copyright; Acknowledgements; Table of Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1: Family Background and University Success-What are the Issues?; Why do the Family Background Gaps Matter?; How have the Gaps Changed over Time?; How do the Gaps Compare with those in Other Countries?; What Does this Book Do?; 2: Why and How do Governments Fund Higher Education?; Why Subsidize Teaching in Universities?; 'Free' University; How can Fees and Loans be Part of a Sensible Policy?

A Graduate TaxSumming Up; 3: How is University Teaching Funded in England?; Funding for Teaching and Student Support in England; How Does the System in England Compare with that Elsewhere?; Student Support Varies with Family Income; Repayment Varies Greatly with Lifetime Income; Summing Up; 4: Have Recent Funding Reforms Widened the Family Background Gaps?; How have Family Background Gaps Changed in Recent Years?; Other Evidence?; Summing Up; 5: What is the Role of Prior Attainment?; How do we Define Socio-Economic Background?

How much of the Socio-Economic Gap in University Participation can be Explained by Prior Achievement?What about Differences in Institution and Subject Choice?; Does Subject Choice at School Explain the Socio-Economic Gaps in University Entry?; What can International Evidence Tell Us?; Summing Up; 6: When and How to Intervene to Increase University Attendance?; When do Socio-Economic Gaps in Achievement Emerge?; What Role do Secondary Schools Play in Explaining Socio-Economic Differences in Pupils' Achievement?; Is it All About Schools?; Summing Up

7: Is Getting Pupils from Poorer Backgrounds through the Doors Enough?Socio-Economic Differences in Degree Outcomes; What Explains the Socio-Economic Differences in Degree Outcomes?; How do these Findings Compare to those by School Type?; Summing Up; 8: Do Socio-Economic Differences Persist Beyond University?; Socio-Economic Differences in Labour Market Outcomes; Are we Comparing Like with Like?; What Might Explain the Remaining Differences in Labour Market Outcomes?; Is it Worth Individuals from Poor Backgrounds Going to University?; Summing Up; 9: What Do We Conclude?

How Important is the Issue of University Funding?How Can We Increase University Access for Poor Students in the Long-Run?; What is the Role of Universities in 'Widening' Access?; What Can be Done to Reduce Socio-Economic Differences in Degree Outcomes?; Final Thoughts; Name Index; Subject Index

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