Essentials of Paleomagnetism

Includes bibliographies and index.

COVER; TITLE; COPYRIGHT; CONTENTS; PREFACE; 1 THE PHYSICS OF MAGNETISM; 1.1 What is a magnetic field?; 1.2 Magnetic moment; 1.3 Magnetic flux; 1.4 Magnetic energy; 1.5 Magnetization and magnetic susceptibility; 1.6 Relationship of B and H; 1.7 A brief tour of magnetic units in the cgs system; 1.8 The magnetic potential; 1.9 Origin of the geomagnetic field; 1.10 Problems; 2 THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD; 2.1 Components of magnetic vectors; 2.2 Reference magnetic field; 2.3 Geocentric axial dipole (GAD) and other poles; 2.4 Plotting magnetic directional data; 2.4.1 D, I transformation.

2.4.2 Virtual geomagnetic poles2.4.3 Virtual dipole moment; 2.5 Problems; 3 INDUCED AND REMANENT MAGNETISM; 3.1 Magnetism at the atomic level; 3.2 Induced magnetization; 3.2.1 Orbital contribution and diamagnetism; 3.2.2 Role of electronic spins and paramagnetism; 3.3 Ferromagnetism; 3.4 Problems; 4 MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY AND DOMAINS; 4.1 The magnetic energy of particles; 4.1.1 Exchange energy; 4.1.2 Magnetic moments and external fields; 4.1.3 Magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy; 4.1.4 Magnetostriction: stress anisotropy; 4.1.5 Magnetostatic (shape) anisotropy.

4.1.6 Magnetic energy and magnetic stability4.2 Magnetic domains; 4.3 Thermal energy; 4.4 Putting it all together; 4.5 Problems; 5 MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS; 5.1 The "flipping" field; 5.2 Hysteresis loops; 5.2.1 Uniaxial anisotropy; 5.2.2 Magnetic susceptibility; 5.2.3 Cubic anisotropy; 5.2.4 Superparamagnetic particles; 5.2.5 Particles with domain walls; 5.3 Hysteresis of mixtures of SP, SD, and MD grains; 5.4 First-order reversal curves; 5.5 Problems; 6 MAGNETIC MINERALOGY; 6.1 Iron-oxides; 6.1.1 Titanomagnetites Fe[sub(3-x)]Ti[sub(x)]O[sub(4).

6.1.2 Hematite-ilmenite Fe[sub(2-y)]Ti[sub(y)]O[sub(3)]6.1.3 Oxidation of (titano)magnetites to (titano)maghemites; 6.2 Iron-oxyhydroxides and iron-sulfides; 6.3 FeTi oxides in igneous rocks; 6.4 Magnetic mineralogy of soils and sediments; 6.5 Problems; 7 HOW ROCKS GET AND STAY MAGNETIZED; 7.1 The concept of dynamic equilibrium; 7.2 Essential Néel theory; 7.3 Viscous remanent magnetization; 7.4 Thermal remanent magnetization; 7.5 Chemical remanent magnetization; 7.6 Detrital remanent magnetization; 7.6.1 Physical alignment of magnetic moments in viscous fluids.

7.6.2 Post-depositional processes7.6.3 Inclination error; 7.7 Isothermal remanent magnetization; 7.8 Thermo-viscous remanent magnetization; 7.9 Natural remanent magnetization; 7.10 Artificial remanences; 7.11 Problems; 8 APPLIED ROCK (ENVIRONMENTAL) MAGNETISM; 8.1 Images; 8.2 Critical temperatures; 8.3 Magnetic susceptibility; 8.3.1 Measurement of magnetic susceptibility; 8.3.2 Temperature dependence; 8.3.3 Frequency dependence; 8.3.4 Outcrop measurements; 8.4 Magnetization; 8.4.1 Magnetic interactions: IRM and ARM techniques; 8.4.2 IRM "unmixing."

8.4.3 Combining thermal and isothermal information for rock magnetic characterization.

More than 400 years ago William Gilbert said, ""The Earth itself is a great magnet."" Today, we know that it is also a great magnetic tape recorder. This work is a comprehensive, up-to-date textbook on extracting and using rock and paleomagnetic data in archaeological, geological, and geophysical applications. Designed for students and professionals with knowledge of college level physics and some background in earth sciences, it describes both the theory and the practice of paleomagnetism, covering topics such as the basics of magnetism, geomagnetic fields, how rocks become magnetized, and th.

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