How was it possible? : a Holocaust reader / edited by Peter Hayes ; foreword by Harvey Schulweis.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Ch. 1 The Context -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- Antisemitism -- horn Antisemitism: The Longest Hatred / Robert S. Wistrich -- Racism -- from The Racial State / Wolfgang Wippermann -- Contradictions in Central Europe -- from The Pity of It All / Amos Elon -- Germany's Turmoil, 1918 -- 1933 -- from Nazi Germany: A New History / Klaus P. Fischer -- The Interwar Jewish Heartland -- from The Jews of East Central Europe Between the World Wars / Klaus P. Fischer -- chapter 2 Nazism in Power -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- Elite Cooperation -- from Das Amt und die Vergangenheit [The Office and the Past] / Eckart Conze -- Street-Level Coercion -- from Defying Hitler / Sebastian Haffner -- The Claims of Community -- from Belonging and Genocide / Thomas Kuhne -- Aryanization -- from From Boycott to Annihilation / Avraham Barkai -- Talk of "Annihilation."

Ernst von Weizsacker's Remarks to a Swiss Diplomat, November 15, 1938, from Documents Diplomatiques Suisses -- "Jews, What Now?" from Das Schwarze Korps, November 24, 1938 -- Hitler's Reichstag Speech, January 30, 1939, from Nazism 1939 -- 1945 -- chapter 3 Impediments to Escape -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- The United States and Refugees, 1933 -- 1940 -- from American Refugee Policy and European Jewry, 1933 -- 1945 / Alan M. Kraut -- France: From Hospitality to Hostility -- from The Hollow Years / Eugen Weber -- The Unreceptive British Empire -- from Whitehall and the Jews, 1933 -- 1948 / Louise London -- Switzerland -- Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland -- Second World War, from Switzerland, National Socialism, and the Second World War -- Palestine -- from Life and Loss in the Shadow of the Holocaust / Uta Larkey -- Going and Staying -- from Between Dignity and Despair / Marion Kaplan -- chapter 4 The New Order in Europe -- Introduction / Peter Hayes.

Culling the German Volk -- from Racial Hygiene / Robert N. Proctor -- Rearranging Populations -- from Architects of Annihilation / Suzanne Heim -- Racial War in the East -- from Bloodlands / Timothy Snyder -- Plunder, Individual and Governmental -- from Hitler's Beneficiaries / Gotz Aly -- Forced Labor -- from Hitler's Foreign Workers / Ulrich Herbert -- chapter 5 Jews in the Nazi Grip -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- Indirect Rule -- from Judenrat / Isaiah Trunk -- Isolation and Impoverishment -- from Scroll of Agony / Chaim Kaplan -- Choiceless Choices -- from Ghettostadt: Lodz and the Making of a Nazi City / Gordon J. Horwitz -- Leaving a Record -- from Who Will Write Our History? / Samuel D. Kassow -- Nothing to Lose -- from The Jews of Warsaw, 1939 -- 1943 / Yisrael Gutman -- Women Slave Laborers -- from Women in the Holocaust / Felicja Karay -- Robbery in the Netherlands -- from Robbing the Jews / Martin Dean.

Ch. 6 The German Killers and Their Methods -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- Deciding to Kill -- from The Wannsee Conference and the Final Solution / Mark Roseman -- Bringing Death to Jews -- from Masters of Death / Richard Rhodes -- Bringing Jews to Death -- from The Destruction of the European Jews / Raul Hilberg -- Political Soldiers -- from Hitler's Police Battalions / Edward B. Westermann -- The Fates of Gypsies -- from Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp / Yehuda Bauer -- Camp Labor -- from If This Is a Man (Survival in Auschwitz) / Primo Levi -- The Final Frenzy -- from The Death Marches / Daniel Blatman -- chapter 7 Collaboration and Its Limits -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- Poland: The Blue Police -- from Hunt for the Jews / Jan Grabowski -- Romania: Annihilation Aborted -- from The History of the Holocaust in Romania / Jean Ancel -- Vichy France: "Our" Jews and the Rest.

From The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939 -- 1945 / Saul Friedlander -- The Italian Paradox -- from The Italians and the Holocaust / Susan Zuccotti -- The Hungarian Paroxysm -- from Studies on the Holocaust / Randolph L. Braham -- Papal Priorities -- from The Catholic Church and the Holocaust, 1930 -- 1965 / Michael Phayer -- Self-Serving Switzerland -- Independent Commission of Experts Switzerland -- Second World War, from Switzerland, National Socialism, and the Second World War -- chapter 8 Rescuing Jews -- Means and Obstacles -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- The Kovno Connection -- from Lessons and Legacies VI / Jonathan Goldstein -- The Good German of Vilna -- from The Search for Major Plagge / Michael Good -- Collective Action in Vivarais-Lignon -- from We Only Know Men / Patrick Henry -- The Hidden Jews of Warsaw -- from Secret City / Gunnar S. Paulsson -- Saving Jewish Children in Belgium -- from Survivors / Bob Moore.

American Inhibitions -- from American Refugee Policy and European Jewry, 1933 -- 1945 / Alan M. Kraut -- Sweden Expands Asylum -- from From Indifference to Activism / Paul A. Levine -- chapter 9 Aftermath -- Introduction / Peter Hayes -- Survivors -- from DPs: Europe's Displaced Persons, 1945 -- 51 / Mark Wyman -- Zion's Ambivalence -- from The Seventh Million / Tom Segev -- America's Incomprehension -- from Case Closed / Beth B. Cohen -- The Great Reversal -- from Postwar / Tony Judt -- The Pathology of Denial -- from Lying about Hitler / Richard J. Evans -- Restitution and Its Discontents -- from Some Measure of Justice / Michael R. Marrus -- After Such Knowledge -- from After Such Knowledge / Eva Hoffman.

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