A brief history of Islam in Europe : thirteen centuries of creed, conflict and coexistence / Maurits S. Berger.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Foreword -- Introduction. 1. The Link to Today: Collective Memory -- 2. 'Islam' and 'Europe' A Methodological Framework, Europe, Islam -- 3. Europe's Interaction with Islam: 'Physical' and 'Virtual' Islam, Five Periods, Three Themes: Religion, Toleration, Othering -- Chapter One. Uncivilized Europe (700-1000 CE). I. Setting the Stage. 1. Europe at the Dawn of the Muslim Conquests -- 2. The Islamic Empire -- II. Physical Islam. 1. The Realm of Interaction. 2. Living with the Unbeliever -- 3. Other Relations and Contacts -- III. Virtual Islam -- Myths, Legends and Ignorance.

Chapter Two. Crusading Europe (1000-1500 CE). I. Setting the Stage. 1. Economic Revival -- 2. Religious Revival -- 3. The Crusades -- II. Physical Islam -- 1. The Realm of Interaction -- 2. Living with the Unbeliever: Muslims under Christian Rule -- 3. Social Tensions -- 4. Conversion -- 5. Other Relations and Contacts -- III. Virtual Islam -- 1. The Study and Legends of Islam -- 2. Polemics -- 3. Culture and Technology.

Chapter Three. Divided Europe (1500-1700 CE) -- I. Setting the Stage. 1. Europe: Reformation and National Self-Assertion -- 2. Rise of the Ottoman Empire -- II. Physical Islam. 1. Living with the Unbeliever -- 2. Other Relations and Contacts -- III. Virtual Islam. 1. The Image of the 'Turk' -- 2. Dealing with the 'Turk' -- 3. Islam: 'Better Turkish than Papish'.

Chapter Four. Powerful Europe (1700-1950 CE). I. Setting the Stage. 1. Colonialism and Imperialism -- 2. The Demise of the Ottoman Empire -- Physical Islam. 1. Living with the Unbeliever -- 2. The Combustible Mix of Capitulations, Millets and Nationalism -- 3. Wars and Insurgencies -- 4. Diplomatic Relations and Trade -- 5. Muslim Sojourners: Students, Nationalists and Conscripts -- III. Virtual Islam. 1. Eighteenth Century: Turquerie and Inclusive Othering -- 2. Nineteenth Century: Orientalism and Exclusive Othering.

Chapter Five. Struggling Europe (1950- ). I. Setting the Stage. 1. A New Europe -- 2. Islam in the New Europe -- 3. Identity, Loyalty and Security -- II. Physical Islam. 1. Living with the Unbeliever -- 2. Secular and Religious Rule -- 3. Wars and Terrorism -- 4. Europe and Its 'Neighbourhood' -- III. Virtual Islam. 1. Images of Islam and Muslims -- 2. The Study of Islam -- Epilogue. Historical Patterns -- Patterns into the Present -- To Be Extrapolated into the Future?

This book presents an overall presentation and discussion of developments ever since Islam appeared on the European stage thirteen centuries ago. The events and stories presented increase the understanding of present debates on, and notions of, Islam and Muslims in Europe. This book shows that in the course of thirteen centuries the Muslim as well as Islam have undergone many metamorphoses. The Muslim has entered the European stage as a conqueror, antichrist, scholar, benign ruler, corsair, tradesman and fellow citizen. The image of Islam has meandered accordingly, as a religion that was feared as an enemy or embraced as a partner against heretical Christians, despised as an abomination or admired as a civilization, and studied for missionary, academic, colonial or security purpose.

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