Exploring speciation /David D. Clark, editor.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 -- Exploring Cadmium Speciation in the Aquatic Ecosystem: A Case Study -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Speciation of CD in the Aquatic Environment in Egyptian Coast, Case Study -- 2.1. An Overview of the Metal Pollution in the Marine Environment in Egyptian Coast -- 2.2. Speciation of Cadmium in Aquatic Environment -- 2.2.1. Cadmium in Sediment -- 2.2.1.1. Marine Sediment (Mediterranean and Red Sea) -- 2.2.1.1.1. The Egyptian Coast of the Mediterranean Sea -- 2.2.1.1.2. The Egyptian Coast of the Red Sea -- 2.2.2. Fresh Water Sediment

2.2.2.1. Nile River Sediments -- 2.2.2.2. Nile River Branches Sediment -- 2.2.2.3. Nile Lakes Sediments -- 2.2.2.3.1. Nasser Lake -- 2.2.2.3.2. Qarun Lake -- 2.2.3. Brackish Water Sediments (Four Nile Delta Lakes) -- 2.2.3.1. Lake Bardawil (Northern Egypt) -- 2.3. Cadmium in Aquatic Biota -- 2.3.1. Marine Environment -- 2.3.1.1. Fish -- 2.3.1.2. Marine Organisms -- 2.3.1.3. Marine Seaweed -- 2.3.2. Fresh Water Environment -- 2.3.2.1. Fresh Water Fish -- 2.3.2.2. Freshwater Organisms -- 2.3.2.3. Brackish Water Fish (Four Nile Delta Lakes) -- 2.3.2.3.1. Burullus -- 2.3.2.3.2. Edku

2.3.2.3.3. Manzalah -- 2.3.2.3.4. Maryout -- 2.3.2.4. The Extent of Cadmium Pollution of Marine Organisms on Egyptian Coasts -- Conclusion -- References -- Biographical Sketch -- Chapter 2 -- Investigation of Photon Atom Interactions in Various Chemical Materials Employing X-Ray Spectroscopic Techniques -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Photon-Atom Interaction Processes -- Atomic Inner-Shell Photoionization -- Inner-Shell Vacancy Decay and Subsequent Processes -- Non-Radiative Transitions -- Radiative Transitions -- Physical Parameters Associated with Inner-Shell Vacancy Decay

Mass Attenuation Coefficients -- Fluorescence, Auger, and Coster-Kronig Yields -- Vacancy Transfer Probabilities -- Fractional X-Ray Emission Rates -- X-Ray Production Cross-Sections -- Near-Edge Processes Contributing to the Absorption of Incident Photons -- Resonant Raman Scattering -- X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) Process -- Single Scattering -- Multiple Scattering -- Elastic Scattering -- Form Factor Formalism -- S-Matrix Calculations -- Inelastic Scattering -- Compton Scattering from Free Electrons -- Compton Scattering from Bound Electrons

Compton Profile and Relativistic Impulse Approximation -- Effect of magnetic Field on the X-Ray Line Spectra -- Application of X-Ray Spectroscopy: A Possible Probe to Examine the Chemical Effect in Distinct Materials -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3 -- Effect of Readout Heating Rate and Correction for Temperature Lag, Effective Heating Rate and Thermal Quenching to the Response of TLD-100 (LiF: Mg, Ti) -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermoluminescence Dosimeter Readout System -- 2.1. Sample Detector Housing -- 3. Experimental Details

"In chemistry, speciation refers to the distribution of an element amongst chemical species in a system. The five chapters of this book each bring a unique perspective on this type of speciation as it pertains to marine biota, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and other areas of interest. Chapter One investigates the bioaccumulation of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal, in marine biota in the Egyptian coastal zones. Chapter Two scrutinizes the applications of energy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopic techniques in various materials. Chapter Three explains the phenomenon of thermoluminescence and the effect of varying readout heating rates on the dosimetric properties of TLD-100 (LiF: Mg, Ti) irradiated with 6 MV X-ray. Chapter Four focuses on the applications of different X-ray spectroscopy techniques and their use in the elemental analysis of water, coal, fly ash, and fertilizer samples. Finally, Chapter Five describes how to select the best speciation model from studies based on potentiometric measurements"--

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