The ancient Roman afterlife : di manes, belief, and the cult of the dead / Charles W. King.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Intro -- Abbreviations of Ancient Authors -- Abbreviations of Journals and Modern Editions -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- A) The Afterlife: Interpretive Issues -- B) The Primacy of the Manes -- 1. Di Manes: The Godhood of the Dead -- A) Manes: A General Definition -- B) The Term Di Manes -- C) The Manes and Roman Categories of "Gods" -- 2. Di Manes: The Number of the Gods -- A) The Plural Form Manes -- B) The Worship of Individuals -- C) The Chronology of Worshipping Individua ls -- D) The Manes of Dis Manibus -- 3. Who Worshipped Whom? -- A) The Complex Legacy of Fustel de Coulanges

B) Inheritance -- 1. Scaevola's Rules -- 2. Coruncanius' Rules -- 3. The Digest -- C) Inheritance Rules and the Diversity of Worship -- D) Pietas, Affection, and Loyalty -- 1. Familial Relationships -- 2. Extensions of One's Family -- 3. The Political "Family" -- E) Contemporary Focus (and Elite Exceptions) -- F) Inclusiveness -- 4. The Manes in the Context of Roman Religion: Beliefs and Variations -- A) Variation: A Challenge to Interpretation -- B) The Debate over Defining the Word "Belief" -- C) Roman Implications of Nondogmatic Belief -- 1. Polymorphism

2. Pietas: Collective and Individual Relationships -- 3. Orthopraxy -- D) An Interpretive Model: Belief Clusters -- 5. The Powers of the Dead -- A) Power over Life and Death -- 1. Guardians of the Living-Benefits for Individuals -- a. The Extension of Life -- born Clusters within Clusters -- 2. Guardians of the Living-Benefits for the Community -- a. The Mundus -- born The Lupercalia -- 3. Bringers of Death -- a. Instruments of Vengeance -- born Destroyers of Armies and Cities -- B) The Power to Monitor the Living -- 1. Guardians of Oaths -- 2. Voices from Beyond -- C) Protectors after Death

D) Powers and Worshippers -- 6. The Manes in the Context of the Funeral -- A) Ritual Conservatism and the Potential for Generalization -- B) The Funerary Ritual: Early Stages through the Cremation -- C) The Afterlife in the Early Stages -- D) At the Grave: Rites of Worship -- 1. Dis Manibus Sacrum: A Point of Terminology -- 2. Creating Sacred Space and Offerings to the Manes -- 3. The Liberation of the Dead -- 4. After the Sacrifices -- E) The Manes at the Funeral -- 7. Festivals, Ceremonies, and Home Shrines -- A) The Parentalia -- 1. Ovid as a Source -- 2. The Ceremony -- B) The Lemuria

1. The Ritual Form -- 2. Belief Cluster: Manes and Lemures -- C) Personal Observances -- 1. Home Shrines -- 2. Further Offerings at the Tomb -- 3. Lifestyle and Nonritual Offerings -- D) Rituals: Conclusions -- 8. Conclusion -- Appendix 1. The Larvae -- Appendix 2. The Decline of the Lemuria -- Notes -- Bibliography -- General Index -- Index Locorum

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