The Middle East : arm sales, refugees and the Islamic State / Gilberto Peters, editor.

Includes bibliographies and index.

Intro; Contents; Preface; Chapter 1; Arms Sales in the Middle East: Trends and Analytical Perspectives for U.S. Policy(; Abstract; Introduction; Role of Arms Sales in U.S. Policy; The Demand for Arms in the Middle East; History of Congress and Arms Sales in the Middle East; Arms Sales and Regional Developments; Overview of Major Outside Suppliers; Major Regional Country Profiles; Israel; Egypt; Saudi Arabia; Turkey; UAE; Iraq; Qatar; U.S. Policy and Potential Issues for Congress; Israel's Qualitative Military Edge (QME); Countering Iran; Saudi-Led Coalition War in Yemen

Providing Weaponry to Governments Suspected of Human Rights ViolationsFMF and the FY2018 Budget Request; End-Use Monitoring (EUM); Appendix A. Historical U.S. Arms Sales to the Middle East, 1950-2009; Appendix B. Selected Resolutions Disapproving of Arms Sales to the Middle East; Appendix C. Selected DSCA Major Arms Sales Notifications to Middle East, 2010-Present; Appendix D. Total Proposed U.S. Arms Sales to Selected Countries by Year; Chapter 2; Strengthening America's Security in the Middle East Act of 2019 (S.1): An Overview(; Overview

Ileana Ros-Lehtinen United States-Israel Security Authorization Assistance Act of 2019United States-Jordan Defense Cooperation Extension Act; Caesar Syria Civilian Protection Act of 2019; Combatting BDS Act of 2019; Chapter 3; Syrian Refugees: U.S. Agencies Conduct Financial Oversight Activities for Humanitarian Assistance but Should Strengthen Monitoring(; Abbreviations; Why GAO Did This Study; What GAO Recommends; What GAO Found; Background; Numbers and Location of Syrian Refugees; Host Country Policies Regarding Refugees; Financial Oversight of Humanitarian Assistance

State and USAID Have Obligated More Than 3.5 Billion to Support Cash-Based and Other Types of Humanitarian Assistance to Syrian Refugees in the Middle EastSince 2012, the United States Obligated More Than 3.5 Billion in Humanitarian Assistance, with Most Funding Supporting Refugees in Lebanon and Jordan; Most U.S. Funding Has Been Provided Through Voluntary Contributions and Grants to PIOs; Implementing Partners Supported by the United States and Other Donors Provide Cash-Based Assistance for Food and Other Needs; Food Assistance; Shelter; Education; Health; Protection and Basic Needs

State and USAID Conduct Risk-Based Financial Oversight Activities for Humanitarian Assistance Provided to Syrian Refugees but Face Security-Related Monitoring ChallengesState and USAID Conduct a Variety of Financial Oversight Activities of PIO and NGO Implementing Partners; State Has Created a Risk-Based Management Framework for Financial Oversight of NGOs; Security Restrictions Limit Planned Monitoring Visits and Inhibit in-Person Oversight; Conclusion; Recommendations for Executive Action; Agency Comments and Our Evaluation; List of Requesters; Appendix I: Objectives, Scope, and Methodology

Appendix II: Location of Syrian Refugees and U.S. Government Travel Restrictions in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey

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